{"id":3276,"date":"2026-07-05T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-05T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/plastic-ban-enforcement-penalties-straw-importers\/"},"modified":"2026-07-05T09:00:00","modified_gmt":"2026-07-05T09:00:00","slug":"cac-bien-phap-xu-phat-trong-viec-thi-hanh-lenh-cam-su-dung-do-nhua-cac-nha-nhap-khau-ong-hut","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/vi\/cac-bien-phap-xu-phat-trong-viec-thi-hanh-lenh-cam-su-dung-do-nhua-cac-nha-nhap-khau-ong-hut\/","title":{"rendered":"Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m \u1ed1ng h\u00fat nh\u1ef1a: R\u1ee7i ro b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thi h\u00e0nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m \u1ed1ng h\u00fat nh\u1ef1a kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea. T\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u01b0a \u1ed1ng h\u00fat v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac r\u1ee7i ro th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00edt tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u00e2u x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o kho, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau khi c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, c\u01a1 quan h\u1ea3i quan, h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 quan gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 mua h\u00e0ng B2B, r\u1ee7i ro th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf b\u1ed1n kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: b\u1ecb t\u1ecbch thu ho\u1eb7c bu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1t ti\u1ec1n sau khi nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho b\u1ecb \u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecdng do thay \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi danh s\u00e1ch cung \u1ee9ng khi nh\u00e0 mua h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 danh ti\u1ebfng. Vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng quan kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u9304<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/vi\/cac-bien-phap-xu-phat-trong-viec-thi-hanh-lenh-cam-su-dung-do-nhua-cac-nha-nhap-khau-ong-hut\/#Who_Actually_Pays_the_Fine\" >Th\u1ef1c ra ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p ph\u1ea1t?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/vi\/cac-bien-phap-xu-phat-trong-viec-thi-hanh-lenh-cam-su-dung-do-nhua-cac-nha-nhap-khau-ong-hut\/#The_EU_SUP_Directive_Producer_Equals_Importer\" >Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb SUP c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u: Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/vi\/cac-bien-phap-xu-phat-trong-viec-thi-hanh-lenh-cam-su-dung-do-nhua-cac-nha-nhap-khau-ong-hut\/#UK_Penalties_A_Turnover-Based_Anchor\" >C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t t\u1ea1i Anh: M\u1ed9t ti\u00eau ch\u00ed tham chi\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n m\u1ea5t b\u00f3ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/vi\/cac-bien-phap-xu-phat-trong-viec-thi-hanh-lenh-cam-su-dung-do-nhua-cac-nha-nhap-khau-ong-hut\/#Canada_Post-Import_Enforcement_and_Staged_Deadlines\" >Canada: C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c thi sau khi nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/vi\/cac-bien-phap-xu-phat-trong-viec-thi-hanh-lenh-cam-su-dung-do-nhua-cac-nha-nhap-khau-ong-hut\/#Customs_Seizures_Are_Not_Theoretical\" >Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ecbch thu h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i h\u1ea3i quan kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/vi\/cac-bien-phap-xu-phat-trong-viec-thi-hanh-lenh-cam-su-dung-do-nhua-cac-nha-nhap-khau-ong-hut\/#United_States_Lower-Dollar_Patchwork_Enforcement\" >Hoa K\u1ef3: \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f4 la suy y\u1ebfu, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt thi\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/vi\/cac-bien-phap-xu-phat-trong-viec-thi-hanh-lenh-cam-su-dung-do-nhua-cac-nha-nhap-khau-ong-hut\/#The_PLA_Trap\" >C\u00e1i b\u1eaby c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e2n Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/vi\/cac-bien-phap-xu-phat-trong-viec-thi-hanh-lenh-cam-su-dung-do-nhua-cac-nha-nhap-khau-ong-hut\/#Paper_Is_Not_Automatically_Compliant\" >Gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/vi\/cac-bien-phap-xu-phat-trong-viec-thi-hanh-lenh-cam-su-dung-do-nhua-cac-nha-nhap-khau-ong-hut\/#Importer_Checklist_Before_Your_Next_Straw_Order\" >Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra d\u00e0nh cho nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u1ed1ng h\u00fat l\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/vi\/cac-bien-phap-xu-phat-trong-viec-thi-hanh-lenh-cam-su-dung-do-nhua-cac-nha-nhap-khau-ong-hut\/#Sourcing_Adhesive-Free_Paper_Straws_and_In-House_Production\" >T\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1ee9ng \u1ed1ng h\u00fat gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng keo v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Who_Actually_Pays_the_Fine\"><\/span>Th\u1ef1c ra ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p ph\u1ea1t?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb v\u1ec1 Nh\u1ef1a D\u00f9ng M\u1ed9t L\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU) l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 coi c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m \u1ed1ng h\u00fat nh\u1ef1a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00e1n l\u1ebb \u1edf kh\u00e2u h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u 3(11) \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u201cnh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\u201d bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, do \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u00ean ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb (EU) 2019\/904: https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/eudr\/2019\/904\/article\/3\/2019-10-31\/data.xht<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh r\u0103n \u0111e, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ph\u1ea1t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia. Trang web v\u1ec1 nh\u1ef1a d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u li\u1ec7t k\u00ea \u1ed1ng h\u00fat v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng b\u1ecb nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean EU: https:\/\/environment.ec.europa.eu\/topics\/plastics\/single-use-plastics_en<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1ee9ng. L\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh chung chung c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p r\u1eb1ng \u1ed1ng h\u00fat c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc, th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7. Nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i khi qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_EU_SUP_Directive_Producer_Equals_Importer\"><\/span>Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb SUP c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u: Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU) \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb (EU) 2019\/904 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 2019. Theo l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng nh\u1ef1a d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, bao g\u1ed3m \u1ed1ng h\u00fat nh\u1ef1a, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 3 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2021: https:\/\/environment.ec.europa.eu\/topics\/plastics\/single-use-plastics_en<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua h\u1ed9. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb nh\u1ef1a. Th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 nh\u1ef1a ch\u1ec9 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c polyme t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ch\u01b0a qua bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao \u1ed1ng h\u00fat l\u00e0m t\u1eeb PLA, nh\u1ef1a sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u201cnh\u1ef1a ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc\u201d kh\u00e1c v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a EU v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n (SUP). Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb PP sang PLA, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf r\u1ee7i ro cho m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a EU.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Rethink Plastic v\u00e0 Seas At Risk \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng S\u00edp v\u00e0 Hy L\u1ea1p l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e0o b\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u1ee6y ban ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y 3 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2027: https:\/\/seas-at-risk.org\/press-releases\/rethink-plastic-alliance-assesses-single-use-plastics-directive-implementation-ahead-of-commission-evaluation\/<\/p>\n<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 Bao b\u00ec v\u00e0 Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i Bao b\u00ec, Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh (EU) 2025\/40, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 2026. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n nay (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tw0909), ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua n\u00ean chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a bao b\u00ec, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u ri\u00eang khi Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 Bao b\u00ec v\u00e0 Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i Bao b\u00ec (PPWR) ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UK_Penalties_A_Turnover-Based_Anchor\"><\/span>C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t t\u1ea1i Anh: M\u1ed9t ti\u00eau ch\u00ed tham chi\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n m\u1ea5t b\u00f3ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1ng h\u00fat nh\u1ef1a t\u1ea1i Anh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2020 theo Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103m 2020 v\u1ec1 B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (\u1ed0ng h\u00fat nh\u1ef1a, t\u0103m b\u00f4ng v\u00e0 que khu\u1ea5y) (Anh): https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/uksi\/2020\/971\/data.xht<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ee9c ph\u1ea1t n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea1t ti\u1ec1n c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 linh ho\u1ea1t. B\u1ea3ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u1ee9c ph\u1ea1t n\u00e0y \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 10% so v\u1edbi doanh thu h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1i Anh, v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng minh h\u00e0nh vi vi ph\u1ea1m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd h\u1ee3p l\u00fd: https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/uksi\/2020\/971\/schedule\/made<\/p>\n<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a GOV.UK x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u1ed1ng h\u00fat l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, ph\u1ea1m vi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m \u1ed1ng h\u00fat ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc, \u1ed1ng h\u00fat c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee7 th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng h\u00fat l\u00e0m t\u1eeb nh\u1ef1a t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb nh\u1ef1a c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y c\u0169ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf kinh doanh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p \u1ed1ng h\u00fat nh\u1ef1a trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, trong khi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch mua th\u1eed v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u xem h\u1ed3 s\u01a1: https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/guidance\/single-use-plastics-bans-and-restrictions<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: Vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u00f3 c\u00f2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00eanh ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Canada_Post-Import_Enforcement_and_Staged_Deadlines\"><\/span>Canada: C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c thi sau khi nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ef1a d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Canada nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 b\u00e1n s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, bao g\u1ed3m \u1ed1ng h\u00fat, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng h\u00fat d\u1ebbo. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n t\u1ea1i Canada \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2022, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2023 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea, bao g\u1ed3m \u1ed1ng h\u00fat. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ea5m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2025, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean bang \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e3n l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2029, do \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c: https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/environment-climate-change\/services\/managing-reducing-waste\/reduce-plastic-waste\/single-use-plastic-factsheet.html<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1i b\u1eaby \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Canada quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p cung c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c b\u00ean ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u gi\u1eef h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb t\u1ea1i Canada trong \u00edt nh\u1ea5t n\u0103m n\u0103m. B\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ECCC c\u0169ng n\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2026 c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n Ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m Li\u00ean bang \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng nh\u1ef1a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c 1 v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eabn c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c: https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/environment-climate-change\/services\/managing-reducing-waste\/reduce-plastic-waste\/single-use-plastic-overview.html<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn Canada tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m mua s\u1eafm. Do c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Canada \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i Canada tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thu h\u1ed3i v\u1ed1n \u2014 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f9i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2029.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Customs_Seizures_Are_Not_Theoretical\"><\/span>Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ecbch thu h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i h\u1ea3i quan kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ef1a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p>Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1ng h\u00fat nh\u1ef1a kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2021. Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Hoa K\u1ef3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee9c ph\u1ea1t t\u1eeb 10.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 100.000 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u1ec7 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p vi ph\u1ea1m quy \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00fai nh\u1ef1a kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i r\u1eafn tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p, c\u01a1 quan h\u1ea3i quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra l\u1ec7nh tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ee9c ph\u1ea1t t\u1eeb 500.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 5 tri\u1ec7u nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u1ec7: https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/item\/global-legal-monitor\/2021-03-23\/china-single-use-plastic-straw-and-bag-ban-takes-effect\/<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Solomon l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i Honiara v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 2026, c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 thu gi\u1eef c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m; b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho bi\u1ebft l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7m chung bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, h\u1ea3i quan, c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3ng v\u1ee5. C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m \u1ed1ng h\u00fat nh\u1ef1a c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m kh\u00e1c, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2024: https:\/\/theislandsun.com.sb\/banned-plastics-seized-in-honiara-enforcement-operation\/<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u. Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Turks v\u00e0 Caicos \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u \u1ed1ng h\u00fat nh\u1ef1a t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2019 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u00e0 5.000 USD ho\u1eb7c \u00e1n t\u00f9, Seychelles \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u \u1ed1ng h\u00fat th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a WTO, v\u00e0 Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb 09\/2022-H\u1ea3i quan c\u1ee7a CBIC \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m nh\u1ef1a d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2022. H\u00e3y xem \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c thi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 theo t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ecdi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"United_States_Lower-Dollar_Patchwork_Enforcement\"><\/span>Hoa K\u1ef3: \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f4 la suy y\u1ebfu, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt thi\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. D\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt AB-1884 c\u1ee7a bang California \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p \u1ed1ng h\u00fat nh\u1ef1a d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n khi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Sau hai l\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o vi ph\u1ea1m, m\u1ee9c ph\u1ea1t l\u00e0 25 USD m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0 300 USD m\u1ed7i n\u0103m: https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/billCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1884<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f3 cho Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU), V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh, Canada hay Trung Qu\u1ed1c. C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c bang v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh vi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u kinh doanh t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 b\u1ea3ng ma tr\u1eadn tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 theo t\u1eebng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n \u201ctu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n M\u1ef9\u201d duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_PLA_Trap\"><\/span>C\u00e1i b\u1eaby c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e2n Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>PLA v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c sinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i t\u1eaft an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m \u1ed1ng h\u00fat nh\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a EU. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a EU bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c polyme t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ch\u01b0a qua bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a GOV.UK c\u0169ng n\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1ef1a ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc, nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee7 l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n compost v\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb nh\u1ef1a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 v\u1ebb b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng hay kh\u00f4ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u00f3 coi lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a hay kh\u00f4ng, li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng minh cho tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Paper_Is_Not_Automatically_Compliant\"><\/span>Gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u1ed0ng h\u00fat gi\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4i th\u00ec ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. PFAS l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u0103m 2023 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Food Additives &amp; Contaminants \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m tra 39 th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u \u1ed1ng h\u00fat v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n PFAS trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 691 m\u1eabu; \u1ed1ng h\u00fat gi\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 cao nh\u1ea5t, v\u1edbi 18 trong s\u1ed1 20 th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh: https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/19440049.2023.2240908<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 chung chung. EN 13432, ASTM D6400, EN 14995 v\u00e0 ISO 17088 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c khung ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc kho\u1ea3ng 90% trong v\u00f2ng 180 ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau 12 tu\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ed9i dung ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Importer_Checklist_Before_Your_Next_Straw_Order\"><\/span>Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra d\u00e0nh cho nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u1ed1ng h\u00fat l\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp theo, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0o ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t, c\u1ea7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3n khai b\u00e1o nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng minh \u1ed1ng h\u00fat kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c danh m\u1ee5c nh\u1ef1a SUP b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00edch; b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a PFAS \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m t\u1eeb gi\u1ea5y; ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng; th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 m\u00e3 HS; v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi bao b\u00ec xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang EU sau khi Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh PPWR c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, c\u1ea7n l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef h\u1ed3 s\u01a1.<\/p>\n<p>C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua s\u1eafm. C\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i Canada \u2014 trong \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e3n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2029 \u2014 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ng\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh PPWR c\u1ee7a EU l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 2026, cho th\u1ea5y l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ebfn tay kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sourcing_Adhesive-Free_Paper_Straws_and_In-House_Production\"><\/span>T\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1ee9ng \u1ed1ng h\u00fat gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng keo v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m do ch\u00ednh c\u00f4ng ty s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, tw0909 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng h\u00fat gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00fac nguy\u00ean kh\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc cho c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng h\u00fat nh\u1ef1a SUP \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 bao g\u1ed3m \u1ed1ng h\u00fat gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng keo d\u00e1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a PFAS, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua v\u1eabn n\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3n khai b\u00e1o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 mua h\u00e0ng mong mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, tw0909 c\u00f2n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng h\u00fat gi\u1ea5y t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p khi nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn mu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c mua s\u1eafm h\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1ee9ng cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh? H\u00e3y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tw0909 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u1ed1ng h\u00fat c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n xem c\u00f3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c thi t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00edch hay kh\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp theo: https:\/\/tw0909.com\/<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thi h\u00e0nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m \u1ed1ng h\u00fat nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ti\u1ec1n ph\u1ea1t, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ea3i quan v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5. So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro t\u1ea1i EU, Anh, Canada, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 M\u1ef9.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-esg"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3276","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3276"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3276\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3276"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3276"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}