Ocean litter reduction straw: a 2024\u20132025 comparison for Taiwan & APAC<\/title><br \/>\n<\/head><br \/>\n<body><\/p>\n<article>\n<header>\n<h1>Ocean litter reduction straw: a 2024\u20132025 comparison for Taiwan & APAC<\/h1>\n<p>New peer-reviewed research shows some straws can fully disintegrate in coastal oceans within 8\u201320 months, while others linger for years. In Taiwan, where bubble tea culture, coastal tourism, and rich marine biodiversity intersect, selecting an ocean litter reduction straw matters for both brand reputation and marine health. This guide translates lab-backed insights into a practical procurement and operations playbook for venues across Taiwan and APAC.<\/p>\n<p>We compare PHA, paper, and cellulose diacetate (CDA) against PLA, unpack ASTM D6691, and offer field-tested pilot steps from Taiwan Wang Lai to avoid greenwashing while keeping drink UX strong.<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"info-box\">\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u76ee\u9304<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/ocean-litter-reduction-straw\/#%F0%9F%93%8B_Key_Takeaways\" >\ud83d\udccb Key Takeaways<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/ocean-litter-reduction-straw\/#Beyond_the_hype_how_to_verify_marine_degradability_and_pick_a_winning_ocean_litter_reduction_straw_build\" >Beyond the hype: how to verify marine degradability and pick a winning ocean litter reduction straw build<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/ocean-litter-reduction-straw\/#%F0%9F%92%A1_Pro_Tip\" >\ud83d\udca1 Pro Tip<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/ocean-litter-reduction-straw\/#Taiwan_APAC_realities_boba_sizing_coastal_UX_and_ocean_litter_reduction_straw_operations\" >Taiwan & APAC realities: boba sizing, coastal UX, and ocean litter reduction straw operations<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/ocean-litter-reduction-straw\/#Advanced_insights_LCA_trade-offs_policy_alignment_and_procurement_scorecards_for_ocean_litter_reduction_straw_sourcing\" >Advanced insights: LCA trade-offs, policy alignment, and procurement scorecards for ocean litter reduction straw sourcing<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/ocean-litter-reduction-straw\/#%E2%9A%A0%EF%B8%8F_Expert_Warning\" >\u26a0\ufe0f Expert Warning<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/ocean-litter-reduction-straw\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions\" >Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/ocean-litter-reduction-straw\/#Q_What_counts_as_an_ocean_litter_reduction_straw_and_which_materials_actually_help\" >Q: What counts as an ocean litter reduction straw, and which materials actually help?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/ocean-litter-reduction-straw\/#Q_Are_PLA_straws_ocean-safe_compared_to_PHA_paper_or_CDA\" >Q: Are PLA straws ocean-safe compared to PHA, paper, or CDA?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/ocean-litter-reduction-straw\/#Q_Which_straw_degrades_fastest_in_seawater_and_how_was_it_tested\" >Q: Which straw degrades fastest in seawater, and how was it tested?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/ocean-litter-reduction-straw\/#Q_How_can_Taiwan_venues_balance_accessibility_needs_with_ocean_goals\" >Q: How can Taiwan venues balance accessibility needs with ocean goals?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/ocean-litter-reduction-straw\/#Q_How_do_I_verify_a_suppliers_marine-degradable_claim\" >Q: How do I verify a supplier\u2019s marine-degradable claim?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/ocean-litter-reduction-straw\/#Q_Whats_the_ROI_for_switching_in_Taiwan_venues_and_how_should_we_dispose_of_PHApaperCDA\" >Q: What\u2019s the ROI for switching in Taiwan venues, and how should we dispose of PHA\/paper\/CDA?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/ocean-litter-reduction-straw\/#Conclusion_Ocean_litter_reduction_straw_a_2024%E2%80%932025_comparison_for_Taiwan_APAC\" >Conclusion: Ocean litter reduction straw: a 2024\u20132025 comparison for Taiwan & APAC<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%F0%9F%93%8B_Key_Takeaways\"><\/span>\ud83d\udccb Key Takeaways<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Paper, PHA, and CDA<\/strong> show measurable coastal disintegration; PLA does not.<\/li>\n<li>Require ASTM D6691 or OK biodegradable MARINE data before buying.<\/li>\n<li>Combine material choice with \u201cstraws on request,\u201d storage, and staff training.<\/li>\n<li>Run 100\u2013200 cup pilots to validate UX and durability for boba and iced drinks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<section>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Beyond_the_hype_how_to_verify_marine_degradability_and_pick_a_winning_ocean_litter_reduction_straw_build\"><\/span>Beyond the hype: how to verify marine degradability and pick a winning ocean litter reduction straw build<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u201cBiodegradable\u201d and \u201ccompostable\u201d are often conflated; marine-degradable performance specifically describes breakdown in seawater and is typically evaluated via ASTM D6691. That test tracks CO2 evolution from microbial activity under controlled seawater conditions, providing a lab baseline rather than a coastline guarantee. Local temperature, microbial communities, and wave energy can all change real-world outcomes.<\/p>\n<p>Peer-reviewed evidence ranks CDA foam fastest (~8 months), paper next (~10\u201313 months), PHA mid-pack (~15 months), and solid CDA slower (~20 months). PLA shows negligible marine degradation in these controlled tests. When a supplier claims marine safety, insist on full test context: temperature, timeframe, and control materials.<\/p>\n<div class=\"info-box tip\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%F0%9F%92%A1_Pro_Tip\"><\/span>\ud83d\udca1 Pro Tip<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ask suppliers for disintegration visuals, saltwater soak tests at 25\u201330\u00b0C, and any third-party OK biodegradable MARINE documentation. Then run a 100\u2013200 cup pilot with your actual menu items to confirm UX.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Before scaling, demand proof and run small UX pilots. Use a standard checklist for ASTM D6691 results, compare lab comparators, and verify third-party certification where possible. For lab summaries and broader ocean plastics context, refer to authoritative resources such as the NOAA primer on plastics in the ocean: <a href=\"https:\/\/oceanservice.noaa.gov\/hazards\/marinedebris\/plastics-in-the-ocean.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NOAA Marine Debris guidance<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Taiwan_APAC_realities_boba_sizing_coastal_UX_and_ocean_litter_reduction_straw_operations\"><\/span>Taiwan & APAC realities: boba sizing, coastal UX, and ocean litter reduction straw operations<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Taiwan\u2019s beverage market demands wide, puncture-capable straws for boba (commonly 12\u201314 mm) and robust performance across hot, humid coastal environments. For wide-diameter boba straws, test PHA and CDA solid as primary candidates and engineered paper\/CDA blends for mid-length drinks. Slimmer paper or CDA foam can work for sodas and short-dwell iced coffees.<\/p>\n<p>Operational controls matter: storage, packaging, and rotation protect product performance in salt air. Keep cartons off the floor, rotate stock first-in, first-out, and select moisture-resistant packaging. For guidance on sizing and real-world durability checks, review the practical diameter and storage recommendations available in our regional testing notes: <a href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/paper-straw-diameter-guide\/\">boba straw sizing and testing guide<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Combine material selection with service design: adopt \u201cstraws on request,\u201d train staff with short scripts, and collect quick feedback via QR prompts to iterate rapidly. These operational levers can reduce straw volumes by <strong>~30\u201340%<\/strong> while maintaining accessibility and guest satisfaction.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Advanced_insights_LCA_trade-offs_policy_alignment_and_procurement_scorecards_for_ocean_litter_reduction_straw_sourcing\"><\/span>Advanced insights: LCA trade-offs, policy alignment, and procurement scorecards for ocean litter reduction straw sourcing<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Life cycle assessment (LCA) highlights trade-offs across energy, water, and emissions but may underweight ocean persistence risks. A hybrid procurement KPI\u2014LCA + ocean persistence + policy risk\u2014better aligns with Taiwan\u2019s coastal priorities. Build a procurement scorecard that weights ASTM D6691 results, certifications, time-in-cup performance, and unit economics.<\/p>\n<p>Policy signals are evolving across APAC. Stay flexible in supplier contracts and maintain transparent certification records to avoid supply lock-in if regulations shift. For an evidence-based LCA lens and macro leakage mapping to inform risk scoring, consult the LCA analysis and EEA policy synthesis: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acssuschemeng.3c07391\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ACS LCA and degradation study<\/a> and the EEA source-to-sea report referenced by procurement teams.<\/p>\n<div class=\"info-box warning\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%9A%A0%EF%B8%8F_Expert_Warning\"><\/span>\u26a0\ufe0f Expert Warning<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Don\u2019t accept \u201cmarine biodegradable\u201d marketing without standards or data. Ask: where was it tested, at what temperature, and what percentage biodegraded under ASTM D6691 protocols?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Construct procurement criteria that include: third-party marine certifications, food-contact safety, cap puncture force for boba, packaging moisture resistance, and an operational plan to deploy \u201cstraws on request.\u201d Use a measured swap path so you can pivot if local rules change.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"faq-container\">\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_What_counts_as_an_ocean_litter_reduction_straw_and_which_materials_actually_help\"><\/span>Q: What counts as an ocean litter reduction straw, and which materials actually help?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> An ocean litter reduction straw meaningfully shortens persistence in seawater while preserving safe drink UX. Paper, PHA, and CDA variants show projected coastal disintegration over months; PLA shows negligible marine degradation in studies. Prioritize ASTM D6691 data or OK biodegradable MARINE certification and run menu-specific pilots before scaling.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_Are_PLA_straws_ocean-safe_compared_to_PHA_paper_or_CDA\"><\/span>Q: Are PLA straws ocean-safe compared to PHA, paper, or CDA?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> Current evidence indicates PLA is not ocean-safe in coastal conditions; it often requires industrial composting heat to break down. For Taiwan venues\u2014especially coastal cafes and events\u2014keep PLA off the ocean litter reduction straw shortlist and favor materials with documented seawater degradation.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_Which_straw_degrades_fastest_in_seawater_and_how_was_it_tested\"><\/span>Q: Which straw degrades fastest in seawater, and how was it tested?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> CDA foam projects fastest (~8 months), paper ~10\u201313 months, PHA ~15 months, and CDA solid slower (~20 months) under ASTM D6691-like lab conditions. These rankings derive from controlled seawater biodegradation tests tracking microbial CO2 evolution; real coasts vary by temperature and biome.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_How_can_Taiwan_venues_balance_accessibility_needs_with_ocean_goals\"><\/span>Q: How can Taiwan venues balance accessibility needs with ocean goals?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> Accessibility is essential. Keep a small stock of flexible or specialist straws for guests who need them, while standardizing marine-degradable options for general service and using \u201cstraws on request\u201d to reduce volumes. Train staff on respectful accommodation scripts and label accessible options clearly at the point of sale.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_How_do_I_verify_a_suppliers_marine-degradable_claim\"><\/span>Q: How do I verify a supplier\u2019s marine-degradable claim?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> Request ASTM D6691 test reports, third-party certifications (e.g., OK biodegradable MARINE\/T\u00dcV), test temperatures, and comparative controls. Cross-check with independent literature and run a 100\u2013200 cup in-store pilot for your menu. For LCA and degradation context, consult independent analyses such as the NIH review on disposable drinking straws: <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8897272\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">LCA of disposable drinking straws (PMC)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_Whats_the_ROI_for_switching_in_Taiwan_venues_and_how_should_we_dispose_of_PHApaperCDA\"><\/span>Q: What\u2019s the ROI for switching in Taiwan venues, and how should we dispose of PHA\/paper\/CDA?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> ROI improves when material swaps are paired with \u201cstraws on request,\u201d inventory controls, and moisture-resistant packaging. Expect usage reductions around <strong>30\u201340%<\/strong>. Disposal is typically general waste where composting infrastructure is limited; avoid contaminating recycling streams with soiled straws.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion_Ocean_litter_reduction_straw_a_2024%E2%80%932025_comparison_for_Taiwan_APAC\"><\/span>Conclusion: Ocean litter reduction straw: a 2024\u20132025 comparison for Taiwan & APAC<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>If you\u2019ve been caught between soggy paper and unclear green claims, the evidence is clear: paper, PHA, and CDA offer measurable coastal disintegration advantages; PLA does not. The right ocean litter reduction straw program for Taiwan blends verified material choice, targeted pilots, and operational changes like \u201cstraws on request.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>For practical next steps, run a 100\u2013200 cup pilot for each candidate straw, require ASTM D6691 documentation from suppliers, and score offers by LCA + ocean persistence + policy risk. Taiwan Wang Lai can support buyer checklists, pilot templates, and supplier vetting to turn evidence into deployed performance across venues.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/article>\n<p><\/body><br \/>\n<\/html><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ocean litter reduction straw: a 2024\u20132025 comparison for Taiwan & APAC Ocean litter reduction straw: a 2024\u20132025 comparison for Taiwan & APAC New peer-reviewed research shows some straws can fully disintegrate in coastal oceans within 8\u201320 months, while others linger for years. In Taiwan, where bubble tea culture, coastal tourism, and rich marine biodiversity intersect, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,16],"tags":[22,21,24,18,25],"class_list":["post-1931","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-materials-technology","category-sustainability-certification","tag-biodegradable-straw","tag-esg-certified","tag-food-grade-material","tag-paper-straw-machine","tag-sustainable-manufacturing"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1931","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1931"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1931\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1931"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1931"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1931"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}

{"id":1931,"date":"2025-10-28T21:08:19","date_gmt":"2025-10-28T21:08:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/ocean-litter-reduction-straw\/"},"modified":"2025-10-28T21:08:19","modified_gmt":"2025-10-28T21:08:19","slug":"ocean-litter-reduction-straw","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/ocean-litter-reduction-straw\/","title":{"rendered":"Ocean Litter Reduction Straws: The Ultimate 2024 Guide for Taiwan & APAC"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\nOcean litter reduction straw: a 2024\u20132025 comparison for Taiwan & APAC<\/title><br \/>\n<\/head><br \/>\n<body><\/p>\n<article>\n<header>\n<h1>Ocean litter reduction straw: a 2024\u20132025 comparison for Taiwan & APAC<\/h1>\n<p>New peer-reviewed research shows some straws can fully disintegrate in coastal oceans within 8\u201320 months, while others linger for years. In Taiwan, where bubble tea culture, coastal tourism, and rich marine biodiversity intersect, selecting an ocean litter reduction straw matters for both brand reputation and marine health. This guide translates lab-backed insights into a practical procurement and operations playbook for venues across Taiwan and APAC.<\/p>\n<p>We compare PHA, paper, and cellulose diacetate (CDA) against PLA, unpack ASTM D6691, and offer field-tested pilot steps from Taiwan Wang Lai to avoid greenwashing while keeping drink UX strong.<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"info-box\">\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u76ee\u9304<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/ocean-litter-reduction-straw\/#%F0%9F%93%8B_Key_Takeaways\" >\ud83d\udccb Key Takeaways<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/ocean-litter-reduction-straw\/#Beyond_the_hype_how_to_verify_marine_degradability_and_pick_a_winning_ocean_litter_reduction_straw_build\" >Beyond the hype: how to verify marine degradability and pick a winning ocean litter reduction straw build<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/ocean-litter-reduction-straw\/#%F0%9F%92%A1_Pro_Tip\" >\ud83d\udca1 Pro Tip<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/ocean-litter-reduction-straw\/#Taiwan_APAC_realities_boba_sizing_coastal_UX_and_ocean_litter_reduction_straw_operations\" >Taiwan & APAC realities: boba sizing, coastal UX, and ocean litter reduction straw operations<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/ocean-litter-reduction-straw\/#Advanced_insights_LCA_trade-offs_policy_alignment_and_procurement_scorecards_for_ocean_litter_reduction_straw_sourcing\" >Advanced insights: LCA trade-offs, policy alignment, and procurement scorecards for ocean litter reduction straw sourcing<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/ocean-litter-reduction-straw\/#%E2%9A%A0%EF%B8%8F_Expert_Warning\" >\u26a0\ufe0f Expert Warning<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/ocean-litter-reduction-straw\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions\" >Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/ocean-litter-reduction-straw\/#Q_What_counts_as_an_ocean_litter_reduction_straw_and_which_materials_actually_help\" >Q: What counts as an ocean litter reduction straw, and which materials actually help?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/ocean-litter-reduction-straw\/#Q_Are_PLA_straws_ocean-safe_compared_to_PHA_paper_or_CDA\" >Q: Are PLA straws ocean-safe compared to PHA, paper, or CDA?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/ocean-litter-reduction-straw\/#Q_Which_straw_degrades_fastest_in_seawater_and_how_was_it_tested\" >Q: Which straw degrades fastest in seawater, and how was it tested?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/ocean-litter-reduction-straw\/#Q_How_can_Taiwan_venues_balance_accessibility_needs_with_ocean_goals\" >Q: How can Taiwan venues balance accessibility needs with ocean goals?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/ocean-litter-reduction-straw\/#Q_How_do_I_verify_a_suppliers_marine-degradable_claim\" >Q: How do I verify a supplier\u2019s marine-degradable claim?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/ocean-litter-reduction-straw\/#Q_Whats_the_ROI_for_switching_in_Taiwan_venues_and_how_should_we_dispose_of_PHApaperCDA\" >Q: What\u2019s the ROI for switching in Taiwan venues, and how should we dispose of PHA\/paper\/CDA?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/ocean-litter-reduction-straw\/#Conclusion_Ocean_litter_reduction_straw_a_2024%E2%80%932025_comparison_for_Taiwan_APAC\" >Conclusion: Ocean litter reduction straw: a 2024\u20132025 comparison for Taiwan & APAC<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%F0%9F%93%8B_Key_Takeaways\"><\/span>\ud83d\udccb Key Takeaways<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Paper, PHA, and CDA<\/strong> show measurable coastal disintegration; PLA does not.<\/li>\n<li>Require ASTM D6691 or OK biodegradable MARINE data before buying.<\/li>\n<li>Combine material choice with \u201cstraws on request,\u201d storage, and staff training.<\/li>\n<li>Run 100\u2013200 cup pilots to validate UX and durability for boba and iced drinks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<section>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Beyond_the_hype_how_to_verify_marine_degradability_and_pick_a_winning_ocean_litter_reduction_straw_build\"><\/span>Beyond the hype: how to verify marine degradability and pick a winning ocean litter reduction straw build<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u201cBiodegradable\u201d and \u201ccompostable\u201d are often conflated; marine-degradable performance specifically describes breakdown in seawater and is typically evaluated via ASTM D6691. That test tracks CO2 evolution from microbial activity under controlled seawater conditions, providing a lab baseline rather than a coastline guarantee. Local temperature, microbial communities, and wave energy can all change real-world outcomes.<\/p>\n<p>Peer-reviewed evidence ranks CDA foam fastest (~8 months), paper next (~10\u201313 months), PHA mid-pack (~15 months), and solid CDA slower (~20 months). PLA shows negligible marine degradation in these controlled tests. When a supplier claims marine safety, insist on full test context: temperature, timeframe, and control materials.<\/p>\n<div class=\"info-box tip\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%F0%9F%92%A1_Pro_Tip\"><\/span>\ud83d\udca1 Pro Tip<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ask suppliers for disintegration visuals, saltwater soak tests at 25\u201330\u00b0C, and any third-party OK biodegradable MARINE documentation. Then run a 100\u2013200 cup pilot with your actual menu items to confirm UX.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Before scaling, demand proof and run small UX pilots. Use a standard checklist for ASTM D6691 results, compare lab comparators, and verify third-party certification where possible. For lab summaries and broader ocean plastics context, refer to authoritative resources such as the NOAA primer on plastics in the ocean: <a href=\"https:\/\/oceanservice.noaa.gov\/hazards\/marinedebris\/plastics-in-the-ocean.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NOAA Marine Debris guidance<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Taiwan_APAC_realities_boba_sizing_coastal_UX_and_ocean_litter_reduction_straw_operations\"><\/span>Taiwan & APAC realities: boba sizing, coastal UX, and ocean litter reduction straw operations<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Taiwan\u2019s beverage market demands wide, puncture-capable straws for boba (commonly 12\u201314 mm) and robust performance across hot, humid coastal environments. For wide-diameter boba straws, test PHA and CDA solid as primary candidates and engineered paper\/CDA blends for mid-length drinks. Slimmer paper or CDA foam can work for sodas and short-dwell iced coffees.<\/p>\n<p>Operational controls matter: storage, packaging, and rotation protect product performance in salt air. Keep cartons off the floor, rotate stock first-in, first-out, and select moisture-resistant packaging. For guidance on sizing and real-world durability checks, review the practical diameter and storage recommendations available in our regional testing notes: <a href=\"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/paper-straw-diameter-guide\/\">boba straw sizing and testing guide<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Combine material selection with service design: adopt \u201cstraws on request,\u201d train staff with short scripts, and collect quick feedback via QR prompts to iterate rapidly. These operational levers can reduce straw volumes by <strong>~30\u201340%<\/strong> while maintaining accessibility and guest satisfaction.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Advanced_insights_LCA_trade-offs_policy_alignment_and_procurement_scorecards_for_ocean_litter_reduction_straw_sourcing\"><\/span>Advanced insights: LCA trade-offs, policy alignment, and procurement scorecards for ocean litter reduction straw sourcing<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Life cycle assessment (LCA) highlights trade-offs across energy, water, and emissions but may underweight ocean persistence risks. A hybrid procurement KPI\u2014LCA + ocean persistence + policy risk\u2014better aligns with Taiwan\u2019s coastal priorities. Build a procurement scorecard that weights ASTM D6691 results, certifications, time-in-cup performance, and unit economics.<\/p>\n<p>Policy signals are evolving across APAC. Stay flexible in supplier contracts and maintain transparent certification records to avoid supply lock-in if regulations shift. For an evidence-based LCA lens and macro leakage mapping to inform risk scoring, consult the LCA analysis and EEA policy synthesis: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acssuschemeng.3c07391\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ACS LCA and degradation study<\/a> and the EEA source-to-sea report referenced by procurement teams.<\/p>\n<div class=\"info-box warning\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%9A%A0%EF%B8%8F_Expert_Warning\"><\/span>\u26a0\ufe0f Expert Warning<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Don\u2019t accept \u201cmarine biodegradable\u201d marketing without standards or data. Ask: where was it tested, at what temperature, and what percentage biodegraded under ASTM D6691 protocols?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Construct procurement criteria that include: third-party marine certifications, food-contact safety, cap puncture force for boba, packaging moisture resistance, and an operational plan to deploy \u201cstraws on request.\u201d Use a measured swap path so you can pivot if local rules change.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"faq-container\">\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_What_counts_as_an_ocean_litter_reduction_straw_and_which_materials_actually_help\"><\/span>Q: What counts as an ocean litter reduction straw, and which materials actually help?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> An ocean litter reduction straw meaningfully shortens persistence in seawater while preserving safe drink UX. Paper, PHA, and CDA variants show projected coastal disintegration over months; PLA shows negligible marine degradation in studies. Prioritize ASTM D6691 data or OK biodegradable MARINE certification and run menu-specific pilots before scaling.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_Are_PLA_straws_ocean-safe_compared_to_PHA_paper_or_CDA\"><\/span>Q: Are PLA straws ocean-safe compared to PHA, paper, or CDA?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> Current evidence indicates PLA is not ocean-safe in coastal conditions; it often requires industrial composting heat to break down. For Taiwan venues\u2014especially coastal cafes and events\u2014keep PLA off the ocean litter reduction straw shortlist and favor materials with documented seawater degradation.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_Which_straw_degrades_fastest_in_seawater_and_how_was_it_tested\"><\/span>Q: Which straw degrades fastest in seawater, and how was it tested?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> CDA foam projects fastest (~8 months), paper ~10\u201313 months, PHA ~15 months, and CDA solid slower (~20 months) under ASTM D6691-like lab conditions. These rankings derive from controlled seawater biodegradation tests tracking microbial CO2 evolution; real coasts vary by temperature and biome.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_How_can_Taiwan_venues_balance_accessibility_needs_with_ocean_goals\"><\/span>Q: How can Taiwan venues balance accessibility needs with ocean goals?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> Accessibility is essential. Keep a small stock of flexible or specialist straws for guests who need them, while standardizing marine-degradable options for general service and using \u201cstraws on request\u201d to reduce volumes. Train staff on respectful accommodation scripts and label accessible options clearly at the point of sale.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_How_do_I_verify_a_suppliers_marine-degradable_claim\"><\/span>Q: How do I verify a supplier\u2019s marine-degradable claim?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> Request ASTM D6691 test reports, third-party certifications (e.g., OK biodegradable MARINE\/T\u00dcV), test temperatures, and comparative controls. Cross-check with independent literature and run a 100\u2013200 cup in-store pilot for your menu. For LCA and degradation context, consult independent analyses such as the NIH review on disposable drinking straws: <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8897272\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">LCA of disposable drinking straws (PMC)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_Whats_the_ROI_for_switching_in_Taiwan_venues_and_how_should_we_dispose_of_PHApaperCDA\"><\/span>Q: What\u2019s the ROI for switching in Taiwan venues, and how should we dispose of PHA\/paper\/CDA?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> ROI improves when material swaps are paired with \u201cstraws on request,\u201d inventory controls, and moisture-resistant packaging. Expect usage reductions around <strong>30\u201340%<\/strong>. Disposal is typically general waste where composting infrastructure is limited; avoid contaminating recycling streams with soiled straws.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion_Ocean_litter_reduction_straw_a_2024%E2%80%932025_comparison_for_Taiwan_APAC\"><\/span>Conclusion: Ocean litter reduction straw: a 2024\u20132025 comparison for Taiwan & APAC<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>If you\u2019ve been caught between soggy paper and unclear green claims, the evidence is clear: paper, PHA, and CDA offer measurable coastal disintegration advantages; PLA does not. The right ocean litter reduction straw program for Taiwan blends verified material choice, targeted pilots, and operational changes like \u201cstraws on request.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>For practical next steps, run a 100\u2013200 cup pilot for each candidate straw, require ASTM D6691 documentation from suppliers, and score offers by LCA + ocean persistence + policy risk. Taiwan Wang Lai can support buyer checklists, pilot templates, and supplier vetting to turn evidence into deployed performance across venues.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/article>\n<p><\/body><br \/>\n<\/html><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ocean litter reduction straw: a 2024\u20132025 comparison for Taiwan & APAC Ocean litter reduction straw: a 2024\u20132025 comparison for Taiwan & APAC New peer-reviewed research shows some straws can fully disintegrate in coastal oceans within 8\u201320 months, while others linger for years. In Taiwan, where bubble tea culture, coastal tourism, and rich marine biodiversity intersect, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,16],"tags":[22,21,24,18,25],"class_list":["post-1931","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-materials-technology","category-sustainability-certification","tag-biodegradable-straw","tag-esg-certified","tag-food-grade-material","tag-paper-straw-machine","tag-sustainable-manufacturing"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1931","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1931"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1931\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1931"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1931"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tw0909.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1931"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}